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Two way anova graphpad prism 8
Two way anova graphpad prism 8






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FOP iECs recapitulate pathogenic ActivinA/SMAD1/5 signaling. Here, we established a new FOP endothelial cell model generated from induced pluripotent stem cells (iECs) to study ActivinA signaling. Blocking of ActivinA prevents HO in FOP mice indicating a central role of the ligand in FOP. Whether observed vascular phenotype in human FOP lesions is connected to aberrant ActivinA signaling is unknown. FOP is caused by mutations in the BMP type I receptor ACVR1 leading to aberrant SMAD1/5 signaling in response to ActivinA. Heterotopic ossification (HO) is tightly linked to vascularization with increased vessel number in hereditary forms of HO, such as Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP). Balanced signal transduction is crucial in tissue patterning, particularly in the vasculature.








Two way anova graphpad prism 8